Tupac Shakur was one of the most popular and influential hip-hop stars of the 90s. His murder in 1996, fuelled by a building rivalry between East Coast and West Coast hip-hop stars, shocked America, and has still never been solved. When rival the Notorious B.I.G. was murdered six months later, the biggest murder mystery of the decade took another twist.
Tupac had a tough upbringing: his family and immediate relatives, as political activists, had been identified by the government as public enemies and trouble was never far from his door. In later life he would find himself at the centre of the east/west coast rap feud which would ultimately claim his life.
In 1990, while a roadie and back-up dancer for Digital Underground, Tupac made his debut rapping on the This is an EP Release and then Sons of the P albums. He went his own way in 1991, keen to perform and release his own material. His debut album 2pacalypse Now's political content reflected Tupac's views and although it was never as successful as later releases, it gave an insight into what was to come.
The follow-up album Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z., featuring collaborations with Ice T and Ice Cube, went in to the Top 30 of the Billboard 200 and eventually went platinum. In 1993 Tupac took a break from solo work and formed the group Thuglife with Big Skye, Macadoshis, Mopreme and The Rated R.. The band released one album, Thug Life Vol. 1 (1994), which made it to the Top 50 of the Billboard 200.
In November 1994, during the recording of the Me Against the World album, Tupac was shot in his recording studio. He believed it was part of the on-going feud between the West and East coast rap factions. Exactly a year later, one of the people believed to be involved in setting up the shooting was found dead, having themselves been shot.
In 1995, while Tupac was in prison serving a sentence for sexual assault, the album Me Against the World was released. In its first week the album sold almost a quarter of a million copies. The album went to No.1 on the Billboard 200, giving Tupac the distinction of being the first incarcerated artist to have a No.1 album. Because of extensive legal fees Tupac was not in a position to come up with bail money, so in stepped Marion 'Suge' Knight, owner of Death Row Records. Knight offered to pay for Tupac's appeal in exchange for a three-record contract. On release from prison, Tupac formed a new group, The Outlawz, releasing the track "Hit 'em Up"; a diss record, it was written to carry on the feud with those that Tupac believed were behind his shooting.
The first of Tupac's contractual obligation albums for Death Row was 1996's double album, All Eyez on Me. Regarded as being amongst the best 90s rap records, the album was a critical and commercial success, achieving platinum sales in a matter of hours and going on to sell over 12 million copies. The album features contributions from Dr.Dre and Snoop Dogg, and produced the singles "California Love" and "All 'Bout U".
In September 1996 Tupac and his entourage were en-route to a party. As the car they were travelling in was stopped, Tupac was shot 4 times. He died six days later on the 13th, when his life support machine was switched off. There have been many theories about who was behind the murder, but nobody has yet been charged. After Tupac's east coast rival Biggie Smalls was himself murdered six months later on a visit to California, the two killings would be regularly linked by fans and media. More than a decade later, all that remains is speculation.
The Don Killuminati: the 7 Day Theory, was released just weeks after Tupac's death. It was his most hard-edged and darkest work, recorded and produced in just 7 days. The album had a No.1 debut, selling over 600,000 copies in the first week. It would go on to sell around 30 million copies worldwide and be one of the best-selling hip-hop albums to date. Since his death, several other albums have been released posthumously, cobbled together from previously unreleased demos and out-takes.
Tupac Shakur did a lot in his short life, in addition to his work as a musician he had acting roles in the films Nothing But Trouble and Poetic Justice and a starring role in Juice. As a businessman, he established a variety of companies, including publishing company Joshua's Dream Corporation, the video production company 24/7 Productions, and Outta Da Gutta Records, his record company. He also wrote two books of poetry.