Sultan Khan is an Indian sarangi player and singer, who plays Hindustani classical music. He is one of the members of the Indian fusion group Tabla Beat Science, with Zakir Hussain and Bill Laswell.

Khan gave his first performance at the All-India Conference at the age of 11, and has performed on an international scale with Ravi Shankar on George Harrison's 1974 Dark Horse World Tour. Khan learned from Ram Narayan. Khan has won numerous musical awards, includingtwice the Sangeet Natya Academy Award, also known as the President's Award, as well as the Gold Medalist Award of Maharashtra, and the American Academy of Artists Award in 1998. In 1997 he was requested to perform at Prince Charles 50th birthday celebrations.

Khan has taught music producers such as Sukshinder Shinda and Ram Gopal Varma (who provided the music for his film, Deyyam) to play the sarangi. Belonging to the Indore Gharana, Khan performs sarangi and sings. He has two students, Ikram Khan, a sarangi player, and Anand Vyas, his only student who plays the sitar (in a lyrical style modeled after his teacher's). He is also the sitar player for the musical ensembles Arrows of Agape and Global Circus. The former group was co-founded by Vyas and Justin Benigno in 2008.

He is also the teacher of Deeyah, a Norwegian born singer, and he performed on her debut album I Alt Slags Lys in 1992.